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Understanding your gas or electricity bill

If you don’t know what all the numbers on your electricity and gas bills mean, don’t worry, you’re not alone.

But it’s worth taking the time to understand your bills, as this is a good way to take control of your energy use and start saving money.

There are three things to check your bills for:

  1. That you’re being billed for the right amount.
  2. That you’re not building up any debt.
  3. If there’s a cheaper tariff you can move to (your bill will show this).

This page will help you do this.

Note that electricity and gas bills can look very similar, and if you have the same supplier for both, you may only get one.

bills

The type of bill you receive will depend on how you pay for your gas or electricity, for example whether your bill is a demand for payment (i.e. a bill) or if it is a statement of what you’ve already paid (by direct debit or pay-as-you-go).

Those who pay on receipt on bill will receive their bill quarterly (sometimes monthly) stating the amount that is owed minus any payments already made. The bill will also show when the payment is due and how the amount was calculated. The customer then settles the bill in one payment or in instalments, or can set up a quarterly direct debit.

Those who pay by monthly direct debit and pay-as-you-go customers will receive a statement every 3, 6 or 12 months. This shows the current balance of the account and is not a request for payment. Rather, it shows your latest payments and the amount of credit or debit your account is in. Your account should normally be in credit as a direct debit pays for your gas and/or electricity up front. Because you’ll use more energy in winter, expect a small debit in spring which will become a credit by the end of the summer.

If you’ve overpaid or underpaid in the past, suppliers will often lower or raise your direct debit to compensate, so it may not reflect how much energy you actually use. If your statement shows a significant credit or debit, submit a meter reading and ask your supplier to reassess your direct debit – the sooner you do this the better. You can ask for any excess credit to be refunded.

bill-front

1 Account or customer number. This is unique to you, and you’ll need it when you contact your supplier.

2 Bill date and bill period. The bill date is when the bill or statement was sent out. The bill period is the date range that the bill or statement relates to.

3 Balance on last statement. This shows the balance carried over from the last bill or statement you received. It should match the account balance on the last bill or statement you received.

4 Payments received. This records the payments you’ve made since the last bill or statement. If it’s a bill, your payment(s) to pay off the last bill should be recorded here. If it’s a statement, you should see all your monthly direct debits or your top ups. If any of these payments are missing you need to contact your supplier.

5 Previous Account Balance. This is the outstanding balance from the last bill or statement less any payments made since. On a bill this figure will be £0.00 if you have paid off your previous bill. On a direct debit statement this figure should be a considerable credit of all of payments received).

6 Charges for this period (including VAT). This records the total costs incurred of all the gas and/or electricity used within this billing period. To see more about how this is calculated see sections 13-15 below.

7 Your new account balance. This is what you owe, or are owed, in total. It’s a combination of the charges for this period plus the balance from the previous period, taking account of all of payments received.

8 What do I pay? This is how much you pay currently if you are paying by direct debit, or how much you owe if it’s a bill. It may be more or less than your average monthly usage to account for previous over or under payment.

9 Personal projection. This is a prediction of how much your gas and/or electricity will cost over the next year.

10 Cheaper tariffs. Your bill or statement must show whether there is a cheaper tariff you could switch to with your current supplier. Your supplier’s customer service team can usually also advise if there is a better tariff for you. Your supplier normally only displays cheaper tariffs they offer, but another supplier might be much cheaper.

bill-back

11 About your tariff. The ‘about your tariff’ box contains all the information needed to compare your tariff against the market including

  • The name of your tariff.
  • How you pay for fuel.
  • The date your defined-length tariff ends (if you have one).
  • Any exit fees you may have to pay. These can apply on any defined length tariff and you pay them if you switch to a different tariff more than four weeks before the tariff end date (above).
  •  Usage over last 12 months. This is your estimated annual usage, calculated from all the meter readings received. This is the best figure to use when comparing tariffs.

12 Tariff Comparison Rate (TCR). This is a summary of the unit rate, standing charge, discounts and VAT into one figure, to help with comparisons. It’s better to use a comparison service to compare suppliers based on your usage as TCRs assume average usage.

13 Meter readings. If you have an estimated read, your bill or statement will generally say ‘estimated’ or ‘e’ next to the reading. If it says ‘c’ or ‘a’ then it’s a ‘customer supplied’ or ‘actual’ reading. You should provide an accurate reading every 3-6 months, or more often if you’ve recently moved in or started

14 Unit rate. This is the price you pay per unit of gas and/or electricity. Units are measured in kilowatt hours (kWh) on your bill. Electricity unit rates are either single unit rate or a dual rate, which provides two meter readings and is usually called  Economy 7. If you are on Economy 7 and use less than a third of your electricity at night, you’d probably be better off on a single-rate tariff. Gas meters measure in units of 100s of cubic feet (hcf) or cubic meters (m3), but gas is sold in kilowatt hours (kWh). The conversion calculation is displayed on your bill. The example bill above shows a calculation for a metric meter. You can convert from hcf to m3 by multiplying by 2.83.

15 Standing charge. This is the charge you pay per day, regardless of how much gas and/or electricity you use. Some suppliers have no daily standing charge, or reduce it if you pay by direct debit.

16 VAT. The VAT charged on electricity and gas for domestic use is 5%. If the VAT rate on your bill is higher than this, then you are being charged a commercial rate and should contact your supplier immediately.

17 Meter point reference number (MPRN) and Meter Point Administration Number (MPAN). These are your unique supply numbers, MPRN or ‘S number’ for electricity and ‘MPAN’ for gas. By law they must appear on your bill but are not usually printed on your meter. When you switch supplier, it helps to provide these numbers.


If you are struggling to pay your bills, contact your energy supplier as soon as possible. They will set up a manageable payment plan to help you. For advice or support with this, contact an energy or debt advice service. Don’t just ignore your energy suppliers request for payments.

If you’re juggling several different debts, speak to a specialist debt advice service before agreeing any further payment plans.

 

Paperless billing

Many suppliers give customers a discount if they manage their bills online and stop receiving paper bills in the post. Online accounts provide greater awareness of your gas or electricity usage and balance and allow you to see bills, provide meter reads and sometimes even switch tariff.
But for many people this change means they’re less likely to look at their bills than if it arrived through the post, which may end up causing problems

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